Ferienhäuser & Ferienwohnungen Urlaub am See in Brandenburg für Ihren Urlaub Provisionsfrei und günstig von privat mieten. Jetzt buchen! The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October ) was a naval engagement between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December ) of the Napoleonic Wars (–).. As part of Napoleon's plans to invade England, the French and Spanish fleets combined to take control of the English Channel and provide The Peninsular War (–) was the military conflict fought by Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the invading and occupying forces of France for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic blogger.com Spain, it is considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. The war began when the French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in by
Peninsular War - Wikipedia
Execution of Single luckau insurgents on 3 May Napoleon won the Battle of Somosierra on 30 November The Battle of Bayonne on 14 April ended the war The Disasters of War [1] endured from to The Peninsular War — was the military conflict fought by Spainthe United Kingdom and Portugal against the invading and occupying forces of France for single luckau of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars.
In Spain, it single luckau considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. Napoleon Bonaparte forced the abdications of Ferdinand VII and his father Charles IV and then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne and promulgated the Single luckau Constitution. Most Spaniards rejected French rule and fought a bloody war to oust them.
The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon insingle luckau, and it is regarded as one of the single luckau wars of national liberation and is significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare. The war began in Spain with the Dos de Mayo Uprising on 2 May and ended on 17 April with the restoration of Ferdinand VII to the monarchy. The French occupation destroyed the Spanish administrationsingle luckau, which fragmented into quarrelling provincial juntas.
The episode remains as the bloodiest event in Spain's modern history, doubling in relative terms the Spanish Civil War. A reconstituted national government, the Cortes of Cádiz —in effect a government-in-exile —fortified itself in the secure port of Cádiz insingle luckau, but could not raise effective armies because it was besieged by 70, single luckau, French troops.
British and Portuguese forces eventually secured Portugal, using it as a safe position from which to launch campaigns against the French army and provide whatever supplies they could get to the Spanish, while the Spanish armies and guerrillas tied down vast numbers of Napoleon's troops.
The British Armyunder then Lt. Single luckau Arthur Wellesleysingle luckau, later the 1st Duke of Wellington, guarded Portugal and campaigned against the French in Spain alongside the reformed Portuguese army. The demoralized Portuguese army was reorganized and refitted under the command of Gen, single luckau.
William Beresfordsingle luckau, [13] who had been appointed commander-in-chief of the Portuguese forces single luckau the exiled Portuguese royal family, and fought as part of the combined Anglo-Portuguese Army under Wellesley.
Inwhen Napoleon set out with a massive army on what proved to be a disastrous French invasion of Russiaa combined allied army under Wellesley pushed into Spain, defeating the French at Salamanca and taking the capital Madrid. In the following year Wellesley scored a decisive victory over King Joseph Bonaparte 's army in the Battle of Vitoria.
Pursued by the armies of Britain, Spain and Portugal, Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soultno longer getting sufficient support from a depleted France, led the exhausted and demoralized French forces in a fighting withdrawal across the Pyrenees during the winter of — The years of fighting in Spain were a heavy burden on France's Grande Armée.
While the French were victorious in battle, they were eventually defeated, as their communications and supplies were severely tested and their units were frequently isolated, harassed or overwhelmed by partisans fighting an intense guerrilla war of raids and ambushes. The Spanish armies were repeatedly beaten and driven to the peripheries, but they would regroup and relentlessly hound and demoralize the French troops.
This drain on French resources led Napoleon, who had unwittingly provoked a total warto call the conflict the "Spanish Ulcer". Single luckau and revolution against Napoleon's occupation led to the Spanish Constitution ofsingle luckau, promulgated by the Cortes of Cádizlater a cornerstone of European liberalism, single luckau.
Devastating civil wars between liberal and absolutist factions, led by officers trained in the Peninsular War, persisted in Iberia until The cumulative crises and disruptions of invasion, revolution and restoration led to the independence of most of Spain's American colonies and the independence of Brazilwhich remained a monarchy, after severing ties with Portugal, single luckau.
The Treaties of Tilsitnegotiated during a meeting in July between Emperors Alexander I of Russia and Napoleonconcluded the War of the Fourth Coalition.
With Prussia shattered, and the Russian Empire allied with the First French EmpireNapoleon expressed irritation that Portugal was open to trade with Britain. Furthermore, Prince John of Braganzaregent for his insane mother Queen Maria Ihad declined to join the emperor's Continental System against British trade. Events moved rapidly. The Emperor sent orders on 19 July to his Foreign Minister, single luckau, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgordto order Portugal to declare war on Britain, close its ports to British ships, detain British subjects on a provisional basis and sequester their goods.
After a few days, a large force started concentrating at Bayonne. Napoleon now had all the pretext that he needed, while his force, the First Corps of Observation of the Gironde with divisional general Jean-Andoche Junot in command, was prepared to march on Lisbon.
After he received the Portuguese answer, single luckau, he ordered Junot's corps to cross the frontier into the Spanish Empire. While all this was going on, the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau had been signed between France and Spain.
The document was drawn up by Napoleon's marshal of the palace Géraud Duroc and Eugenio Izquierdo, an agent for Manuel Godoy. Porto and the northern part was to become the Kingdom of Northern Lusitaniasingle luckau, under Charles II, Duke of Parma, single luckau. The southern portion, as the Principality of the Algarves, would fall to Godoy. The rump of the country, centered on Lisbon, was to be administered by the French.
He was known as a good fighter and an active officer, although he had never exercised independent command. Bysingle luckau, Spain was in a state of social unrest. Townsfolk and peasants all over the country, who had been forced to bury family members in new municipal single luckau rather than churches or other consecrated ground, took back their bodies at night and tried to restore them to their old resting-places.
Single luckau Madridthe growing numbers of afrancesados Francophiles at court were opposed by the majos : shopkeepers, artisans, tavern keepers, and laborers who dressed in traditional style, and took pleasure in picking fights with petimetresthe young who styled themselves with French fashion and manners.
Spain was an ally of Napoleon's First French Empire; however, single luckau, defeat in the naval Battle of Trafalgar in Octoberwhich had decimated Spain's navy, had removed the reason for alliance with France. Manuel Godoy, single luckau, the favorite of King Charles IV of Spainbegan to seek some form of escape, single luckau. At the start of the War of the Fourth Coalition, which pitted the Kingdom of Prussia against Napoleon, Godoy issued a proclamation that was obviously aimed at France, single luckau, even though it did not specify an enemy.
After Napoleon's decisive victory at the Battle of Jena—AuerstedtGodoy quickly withdrew the proclamation. However, it was too late to avert Napoleon's suspicions. Napoleon planned from that moment to deal with his inconstant ally at some future time. In the meantime, the Emperor forced Single luckau and Charles IV into providing a division of Spanish troops to serve in northern Europe.
Spanish troops marched into Denmark in early Concerned that Britain might intervene in Portugal, an old and important ally, or that the Portuguese might resist, single luckau, Napoleon decided single luckau speed up the invasion timetable, and instructed Junot to single luckau west from Alcántara along the Tagus valley to Portugal, single luckau, a distance of only miles km.
The Prince Regent John escaped, loading his family, courtiers, state papers and treasure aboard the fleet, protected by the British, and fled to Brazil. He was joined in single luckau by many nobles, merchants and others. With 15 warships and more than 20 transports, the fleet of refugees weighed anchor on 29 November and set sail for the single luckau of Brazil. As one of Junot's first acts, the property of those who had fled to Brazil was sequestered [31] and a million- franc indemnity imposed, single luckau.
While the Portuguese authorities were generally subservient toward their French occupiers, the ordinary Portuguese were angry, [31] and the harsh taxes caused bitter resentment among the population. By Januarythere were executions of persons who resisted the exactions of the French. The situation was dangerous, but it would need a trigger from outside to transform unrest into revolt. Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Cataloniaincluding the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
The Spanish government demanded explanations from their French allies, but these did not satisfy and in response Godoy pulled Spanish troops out of Portugal. Some commanders opened their fortresses to them, while others resisted. General Guillaume Philibert Duhesmesingle luckau, who occupied Barcelona with 12, troops, soon found himself besieged in the citadel; he was not relieved until January On 20 February, Joachim Murat single luckau appointed lieutenant of the emperor and commander of all French troops in Spain, which now numbered 60, [33] —, On 19 Marchsingle luckau, Godoy fell from power in the Mutiny of Aranjuez and Charles IV was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Ferdinand VII.
Ferdinand VII arrived on single luckau March and asked Murat to get Napoleon's confirmation of his accession. There on 5 May, under French pressure, single luckau, the two kings both abdicated their claims to Napoleon, single luckau. The abdication of Ferdinand was only publicised on 20 May. On 2 May, the citizens of Madrid rebelled against the French occupation; the uprising was put down by Joachim Murat's elite Imperial Guard and Mamluk cavalry, which crashed into the city and trampled the rioters.
Similar reprisals occurred in other cities and continued for days. Bloody, spontaneous fighting known as guerrilla literally "little war" broke out in much of Spain against the French as well as the Ancien Régime 's officials.
Although the Spanish government, including the Council of Castile, had accepted Napoleon's decision to grant the Spanish crown to his brother, single luckau, Joseph Bonapartethe Spanish population rejected Napoleon's plans, single luckau.
Within single luckau, all the Spanish provinces followed suit. A French detachment under Louis Henri Loison crushed the rebels at Évora on 29 July and massacred the town's population, single luckau. The deteriorating strategic situation led France to increase its military single luckau. By 1 June, over 65, troops were rushing into the country to control the crisis. The French in Madrid sheltered behind an additional 30, troops under Marshal Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey.
Jean-Andoche Single luckau 's corps in Portugal was cut off by miles km of hostile territory, but within days of the outbreak of revolt, French columns in Old Castile, single luckau, New CastileAragon and Catalonia were searching for the insurgent forces.
To defeat the insurgency, Pierre Dupont de l'Étang led 24, men south toward Seville and Cádiz; Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bessières moved into Aragon single luckau Old Castile with 25, men, aiming to capture Santander and Zaragoza.
Moncey marched toward Valencia with 29, men, single luckau, and Guillaume Philibert Duhesme marshalled 12, troops in Catalonia and moved against Girona. At the two successive Combats of El Bruc outside BarcelonaSchwarz 's 4, troops were defeated by local Catalan militia, single luckau, the Miquelets also known as sometents.
Guillaume Philibert Duhesme 's Franco-Italian division of almost troops failed to storm Girona and was forced to return to Barcelona.
After defeating Spanish counterattacks, Moncey retreated. Blake escaped, but the Spaniards lost 2, single luckau, single luckau and thirteen guns.
French losses were minimal at men. Joseph entered Madrid on 20 July; [48] and on 25 July he was crowned Single luckau of Spain, single luckau. The catastrophe was total. With the loss of 24, troops, single luckau, Napoleon's military machine in Spain collapsed. Stunned by the defeat, on 1 August Joseph evacuated the capital for Old Castile, while ordering Verdier to abandon the siege of Zaragoza and Bessières to retire from Leon; the entire French army sheltered behind the Ebro.
Europe welcomed this first check to the hitherto unbeatable Imperial armies—a Single luckau had been chased from his throne; tales of Spanish heroism inspired Austria and showed the force of national resistance.
Bailén set in motion the rise of the Fifth Coalition. Britain's involvement in the Peninsular War was the start of a prolonged campaign in Europe to increase British military power on land and liberate the Iberian peninsula from the French. Wellesley was replaced at first by Sir Harry Burrard and then Sir Hew Dalrymple. Dalrymple granted Junot an unmolested evacuation from Portugal by the Royal Navy in the controversial Convention of Sintra in August.
In early Octoberfollowing the scandal in Britain over the Convention of Sintra and the recall of the generals Dalrymple, single luckau, Burrard, and Wellesley, Sir John Single luckau took command of the 30,man British force in Portugal.
Meanwhile, single luckau, the British had made a substantial contribution to the Spanish cause by helping to evacuate some 9, men of La Romana 's Division of the North from Denmark. The division arrived in Santander in October After the surrender of a French army corps at Bailén and the loss of Portugal, Napoleon was convinced of the peril he faced in Spain. With his Armée d'Espagne ofmen drawn up on the Ebro, facing 80, raw, disorganized Spanish troops, [60] Napoleon and his marshals carried out a massive double envelopment of the Spanish lines in November Madrid surrendered itself on 1 December.
Battle of Trafalgar - Wikipedia
Ferienhäuser & Ferienwohnungen Urlaub am See in Brandenburg für Ihren Urlaub Provisionsfrei und günstig von privat mieten. Jetzt buchen! The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October ) was a naval engagement between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December ) of the Napoleonic Wars (–).. As part of Napoleon's plans to invade England, the French and Spanish fleets combined to take control of the English Channel and provide The Peninsular War (–) was the military conflict fought by Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the invading and occupying forces of France for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic blogger.com Spain, it is considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. The war began when the French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in by
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